Considering meeting the needs of children of different year groups Essay

Considering meeting the needs of children of different year groups within the discipline policy - Essay Example This included sanctions, praise and clarification of the rules within each classroom. The findings showed the key elements of the discipline policy were constant through the school. However, variances were in evidence when it came to reward systems and sanctions and the execution of them. This led the author to think that maybe the whole school policy within a school may require an element of consideration towards the needs of children in different year groups. This study compares whole schools’ rewards’ and sanctions’ policy relative to student behaviour, the implementation of these policies and how they meet the needs of the children in specific year groups. This comparative study is justified from personal experiences working as a teaching assistant in several schools. There always appeared to be similar systems in place where children would earn some semblance of reward points and then choose a reward from the gift box at the end of the school day or week. Having moved within school year groups it became apparent that were variations on reasons, how many and why reward points were given to the children. From the perspective of national objectives on schools’ learning environment, it is desirable that classrooms are conducive to optimal learning and teaching techniques. Both rewards and sanctions system are important parts of creating a classroom conducive to learning and teaching at optimal levels. Researche rs have consistently argued that a rewards system engages students and thus enhances learning (McLean 2001). It has also been a major national concern that approaches to learning and teaching techniques are consistent across the school, so that all students reach their full potential. In this regard, a systematic approach to rewards and sanctions’ system is therefore important so that all students are receiving the same message relative to outcomes

Diffusion Review Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Diffusion Review Worksheet Essay 1. Define diffusion and what causes it to occur? The action of spreading the light from a light source evenly so as to reduce glare and harsh shadows. Diffusion is caused when entities are small and moving in molecules. They collide because they are moving at a random pace. The temperature causes diffusion. 2. Define the terms hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution. * Hypertonic: Having increased pressure or tone, in particular. * Hypotonic: Having reduced pressure or tone, in particular. * Isotonic solution: a solution having the same osmotic pressure 3. Explain the similarities and differences between diffusion and osmosis. Both are the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. But osmosis is the movement of water through a cell membrane. 4. Define Turgor pressure ( also known as osmotic pressure). The pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis, often used to express the concentration of the solution 5. What occurs when plasmolysis takes place? The cells shrink and shiver. 6. Define the terms endocytosis and exocytosis . * Endocytosis: the taking in of matter by a living cell by its membrane to form a vacuole. * Exocytosis: Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released through the cell membrane. 7. Name the two processes that occur during endocytosis. 8. What are the differences between active and passive transport? * Requires energy or ATP * Doesn’t require energy, moves high to low concentration 9. Define facilitated diffusion. * The passage of both materials aided by both a concentration gradient and by a transport protein. 10. What is a carrier protein? What is its function? * can change shape to move material from one side of the membrane to the other 11. What statement describes the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration? * 12. What does the term semipermeable (or selectively permeable) membrane mean? * Small molecules and larger hydrophilic molecules move through easily. * Ions, hydrophilic molecules larger than water, and large molecules such as proteins do not move through the membrane on their own. 13. What happens to the water in a cell placed in a hypertonic solution? * Water is moving out. 14. What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution * It shrinks 15. Define the following terms: * Concentration gradient: a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance * Diffusion: the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density * Equilibrium: in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space * Osmosis: the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent * Phospholipid: a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes * carrier protein: a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane * Receptor protein: a protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond * lipid bilayer: the basic structure of a biological membrane, composed of two layers of phospholipids * sodium-potassium pump: a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell * second messenger: a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane, which produces a change in cellular function * signal: anything that serves to direct, guide, or warn

The Reconstruction of African History

The Reconstruction of African History This context will analyze the contribution of historian B.A Ogot in the reconstruction of the African History. It will explore Kenya as one of the African nations and/ or countries where the work of B.A Ogot has contributed a lot in historical reconstruction. His significance in history can be accredited to the fact that his life was surrounded by the major events with specific reference to the independence period among other events that has built the history of this nation. In order to understand his contributions to the study topic, both his past and current dispositions will be analyzed by reviewing his literature that he has produced over the years. Following this, this study will also highlight various historical processes from the pre-colonial time to colonial administration in Kenya based on the Mau Mau organization, composition and its impacts. His reconstruction of Africans History The work of B.A Ogot presents various aspects of both pre-colonial history and colonial era in Africa. According to the researches conducted based on his contribution into the African history with reference to Atieno (2002) in The challenges of History and leadership in Africa, his main role was to offer defense for humanity, durability, historicity, complexity and wealth of African societies together with their culture. He offered criticism on studies based on African institutions and customary practices that were said to have failed in offering any defense to African history through adherence to African ideas of the universe, destiny and its existence. He examines the main aspects of Nilotic societies and cultures based on the concept of Jok  [1]  . This term is found in different forms of Nilotic languages whose meaning is God, spirit, Ghost among others. Ogot had immense interest in the institutional practices and the history of African thought for instance religion which was captured in his three essays he wrote. On making of a sanctuary is the essay that examines padhola religion that has been said to be contented in Jok concept and cannot be understood beside Nilotic culture. Ogot trace changes imposed in Padhola religion by the migration of Nilotes to the south, establishment of Bura shrine as a worshipping place, other denominational rivals and the infiltration of strangers among padhola in nineteenth century. Ogot embarked on effects of European religiosity on the lives of the Luo people, which led to religious contradictions in Nyanza. According to Ogot, there exists a complex process of converting first African Christians based on their motivations, training, sacrifices and evangelical activities among others. He presented how the first African Christians faced troubles from the European missionaries, African chiefs and the c olonial government. The religious struggle led to the establishment of Anglican Church in which Mango broke and founded his own church the holy ghost church. Both religious contradictions and conflicts resulted to the murder of Mango in 1934 during an attack that sprouted on the village he belongs. The essay A community of their own Ogot looked at both the rise and effects of the Maria legion of African church that resulted from a reformation of Roman Catholic Church in Nyanza. Ogot is argued to have been normalizing African initiatives, cultural systems, choices, activities and adaptations through analyzing religious based on their terms. He also showed how religion resisted toward the colonial rule in Africa. The emergence of the Nomiya Luo church and Church of Christian Africans offer a better indicator of resistance to colonial rule and/ or power. In his essay on Kingship and statelessness Among the Nilotes, he challenged the racist hypothesis that holds that, there exists a correlation between degr ee of political evolution and the peoples hamitic blood. Based on this hypothesis, he suggested that the establishment of both Shilluk and Bunyoro kingdoms was based on factors such as political, economic and military. In his work, Ogot identified segmentary states that were observed to be less advanced as compared to the Bunyoro Kingdom. Examples of these segmentary states include the Ruothships that belongs to Luo and Acholi and the stateless societies of the Dinka and Nuer. The work of Ogot showed that the process of state formation comprises different groups of people and other historical contexts. Ogot produced many essays that enable one to trace his contribution to the reconstruction of the African history from Kenyans independence to date  [2]  . There was only one essay that concentrated on the colonial state alone while others lay emphasis on the anti-colonial resistance: For instance, the Mau Mau movement that was Kenyas liberation movement during the colonial period or era. Ogot highlighted the colonial rule and its contradiction nature in Kenya and Africa as a whole. His work presented the view that the colonial state and/ or the conquest were observed to be both authoritarian and weak as it lacked legitimacy. Another contribution of Ogot is that through his work, he describes how illiterate and incom petent officials in Africa struggled to cope with colonial version of administration, the missionarys roles, impacts of both the first and Second World War, religious movements and the reformist political associations that resulted from the educated elite. Through the work of Ogot, it is clear that a connection exists between local and national manifestations of what was referred to as nationalism. Ogot explains why the nationalist party KAU failed to establish itself in Nyanza. He argued that Kikuyu leadership in KAU was the major cause of its failure in Nyanza since they only focused on land grievances in kikuyu, which had little connection with Nyanza. According to Ogot, Mau Mau movement had historical significance since it was based on Kenyas decolonization. The goals of this movement were to make Kenya a nation in other words, to nationalize Kenya but we cannot call this movement a national movement since it was confined to one part of Kenya that is the Central Kenya. In addition, B.A Ogot focuses on both the ideology and social composition of Mau Mau and its origin in the context of African imagination and colonial era.  [3]  His writing focused on the people especially those who supported the movement and who opposed it amon g the kikuyu community. He indicated that the class and ideological divisions among kikuyu people mainly implicated the variations between the loyalist and fighters. These variations were based on access to land, affinities to Christianity and traditional culture, attitudes based on constitutionalism among others. He further showed that the differentiation of memories, age, political ecologies in terms of location and dreams about the future accounts for variations. It has been argued that, songs played a major role in peoples culture because people use songs to express their visions, problems, social values and appropriate possibilities. It was therefore through songs that the Mau Mau movement came into practice in Kenya as people expressed their demand for decolonization after a long period of suffering from the colonial states. Through songs, people were able to mobilize each other therefore reinforcing their strength and spirits of other supporters. According to him, the use of songs implicated that the Mau Mau movement was anti-colonial movement fighting for the decolonization of Kenya. These songs were sang in kikuyu language, symbols, history and legends and this explains why they were said to limit their accessibility and their national appeal. Another contribution of B.A Ogot in the reconstruction of African history is showed on his analyses of The birth of national language. During colonial era most of Africans in Kenya lacked national language since the European language used by the elite lacked nationality in it The researches conducted by B.A Ogot on national language showed that kikuyu was first made a national language because the origin of Mau Mau movement took its roots in Central Kenya  [4]  . The elites borrowed their language from the European and/ or colonial state but were few to make the language a national one. Mau Mau left behind legacy in Kenya based on the inherent biases and propaganda that its still in practiced in Kenya of today. He analyses how different and important figures of Mau Mau movement were arrested and detained with unintended outcomes. Ogot has addressed several critical issues that faced African societies from the colonial period to independence. He examined Africa in terms of politics, leadership, culture, development, identities, and functions of universities and impacts of globalizalisation on Africa. Through his work, Ogot urge writers to investigate more into the social realities that resulted to the current forms of leaders and treat Africans as evil.  [5]  The corruption presented by the modern African elite began during the colonial period with writers such as Elspeth Huxley who was said to have had distrusted the over educated African elite. It was argued that most of African nationalist used political slogans of the western during their struggle against the colonial states. In conclusion, the African history is a complex process of historical events that occurred from colonial era to date. The study highlights that the struggle for African history began with the view of Ogots generations and continue s to the current generation meaning that as we come up with new topics, theories and methodologies we must adhere to the mission that Inspired Ogott generation.

Computer Communications: Bus Network :: essays research papers

Computer Communications: Bus Network Bus Network, in computer science, a topology (configuration) for a local area network in which all nodes are connected to a main communications line (bus). On a bus network, each node monitors activity on the line. Messages are detected by all nodes but are accepted only by the node(s) to which they are addressed. Because a bus network relies on a common data â€Å"highway,† a malfunctioning node simply ceases to communicate; it doesn't disrupt operation as it might on a ring network, in which messages are passed from one node to the next. To avoid collisions that occur when two or more nodes try to use the line at the same time, bus networks commonly rely on collision detection or Token Passing to regulate traffic.Star NetworkStar Network, in computer science, a local area network in which each device (node) is connected to a central computer in a star-shaped configuration (topology); commonly, a network consisting of a central computer (the hub) surrounded by terminals. In a star network, messages pass directly from a node to the central computer, which handles any further routing (as to another node) that might be necessary. A star network is reliable in the sense that a node can fail without affecting any other node on the network. Its weakness, however, is that failure of the central computer results in a shutdown of the entire network. And because each node is individually wired to the hub, cabling costs can be high.Ring networkRing Network, in computer science, a local area network in which devices (nodes) are connected in a closed loop, or ring. Messages in a ring network pass in one direction, from node to node. As a message travels around the ring, each node examines the destination address attached to the message. If the address is the same as the address assigned to the node, the node accepts the message; otherwise, it regenerates the signal and passes the message along to the next node in the circle. Such regeneration allows a ring network to cover larger distances than star and bus networks. It can also be designed to bypass any malfunctioning or failed node. Because of the closed loop, however, new nodes can be difficult to add. A ring network is diagrammed below.Asynchrous Transfer ModeATM is a new networking technology standard for high-speed, high-capacity voice, data, text andvideo transmission that will soon transform the way businesses and all types of organizationscommunicate. It will enable the management of information, integration of systems andcommunications between individuals in ways that, to some extent, haven't even been conceived yet.

Is the American Dream over? Essay

The American Dream is the American ideal of a happy and successful life to which all may aspire. The American Dream is a belief that, in the United States, if a person wants something, they can make it happen. It’s the attitude that no one can hold a person back from their own personal dreams. If someone desires to start a company, and willing to work hard, they can achieve the dream. There is no racism, sexism, or discrimination that can place limits on wealth, stature, appearance or health. Any dream can be made real because of the freedoms we enjoy granted by our constitution and moral standards we as a nation live up to. Immigrants also that come to this nation to escape oppression from their governments around the world or just looking for a better opportunity can live free and run after the American Dream. However, slowly the American dream is becoming more difficult to achieve in our society. Opportunities for success are progressively diminishing because of the rapid expansion of government and its intrusion in our lives. I do not believe the American Dream is dead but it is more difficult to obtain. We may not need a college degree to achieve it but it will make it somewhat easier. The dream starts with individuals taking personal responsibility for their own lives, their own action and their own success. The dream isn’t about getting rich. It is about working hard and intelligently which brings natural rewards. The American dream is liberty and self-government. We the people are free to choose what we want to do with our lives. Originally the American Dream was having freedom of speech and religion. It has evolved into personal prosperity which includes a family, home ownership and dependable transportation. Cal Thomas’s newest column is a controversial argument in the New York Times about the American Dream. Columnist Bob Herbert’s commented on Thomas’ column, â€Å"However you want to define the American dream, there is not much of it that’s left anymore†(Herbert, 568-569). Thomas doesn’t dispute the point, except to argue that the definition of the â€Å"American dream† makes a difference. He agrees that there’s not much left of Herbert’s â€Å"version of the American dream as opposed to the original dream, which remains for those who would embrace it.Herbert’s version of the American Dream is â€Å"liberalism’s American dream,† which has proved unsustainable. Thomas equates the â€Å"liberal† American dream with an entitlement mentality that â€Å"has produced a country of government addicts† devoid of self-reliance, individual initiative and personal accountability. For Thomas, this is a dream in the worst sense of the word. â€Å"People who believe a politician of whatever party or persuasion can make their life better than individual initiative are doing more than dreaming,† he writes, â€Å"such persons are displaying cult-like faith, which can never be fulfilled†(Thomas, 569).

20 Quotes on Writing From Famous Authors

20 Quotes on Writing From Famous Authors What is writing? Ask 20 writers and youll get 20 different answers. But on one point, most seem to agree: writing is hard work. Richard Peck ï » ¿Writing is communication, not self-expression. Nobody in this world wants to read your diary except your mother. Toni Cade Bambara Writing has been for a long time my major tool for self-instruction and self-development. William Stafford I dont see writing as communication of something already discovered, as truths already known. Rather, I see writing as a job of experiment. Its like any discovery job; you dont know whats going to happen until you try it. Sherley Anne Williams I think writing is really a process of communication... Its the sense of being in contact with people who are part of a particular audience that really makes a difference to me in writing. Ursula K. LeGuin Writing makes no noise, except groans, and it can be done everywhere, and it is done alone. Robert Heinlein Writing is not necessarily something to be ashamed of, but do it in private and wash your hands afterwards. Franz Kafka Writing is utter solitude, the descent into the cold abyss of oneself. Carlos Fuentes Writing is a struggle against silence. David Sedaris Writing gives you the illusion of control, and then you realize its just an illusion, that people are going to bring their own stuff into it. Henry Miller Writing is its own reward. Molià ¨re Writing is like prostitution. First you do it for love, and then for a few close friends, and then for money.† J. P. Donleavy Writing is turning ones worst moments into money. Doris Lessing Ive always disliked words like inspiration. Writing is probably like a scientist thinking about some scientific problem or an engineer about an engineering problem. Sinclair Lewis Writing is just work- theres no secret. If you dictate or use a pen or type or write with your toes- its still just work. Suze Orman Writing is hard work, not magic. It begins with deciding why you are writing and whom you are writing for. What is your intent? What do you want the reader to get out of it? What do you want to get out of it. Its also about making a serious time commitment and getting the project done. Gabriel Garcia Marquez Writing is [like] making a table. With both you are working with reality, a material just as hard as wood. Both are full of tricks and techniques. Basically very little magic and a lot of hard work are involved... What is a privilege, however, is to do a job to your satisfaction. Harlan Ellison People on the outside think theres something magical about writing, that you go up in the attic at midnight and cast the bones and come down in the morning with a story, but it isnt like that. You sit in back of the typewriter and you work, and thats all there is to it. Catherine Drinker Bowen Writing, I think, is not apart from living. Writing is a kind of double living. The writer experiences everything twice. Once in reality and once in that mirror which waits always before or behind. E.L. Doctorow Writing is a socially acceptable form of schizophrenia. Jules Renard Writing is the only way to talk without being interrupted.

Captain Corellis Mandolin by Louis De Bernieres and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks Essays

Captain Corellis Mandolin by Louis De Bernieres and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks Essays Captain Corellis Mandolin by Louis De Bernieres and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks Paper Captain Corellis Mandolin by Louis De Bernieres and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks Paper Essay Topic: Literature The two novels I am going to compare are Captain Corellis Mandolin by Louis De Bernieres and Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks. In this comparison I am going to concentrate on how each author presents the theme of love in the midst of war. Captain Corellis Mandolin is a novel about the impact of World War Two on Greece as a country and relationships that survive, begin or fade away as it is tested to the extremity of war. The relationship between Pelagia and Corelli, begin as the circumstances of war bring them together in a situation where they should despise each other. If it was not for these circumstances, they would never have met and this love affair would not have developed into a true, long lasting love between two people from countries that are at war against each other. Birdsong in comparison, begins four years before World War One. The novel is divided into sections: before, during and after the war, and focuses around the relationship that Stephen and Isabelle share and the repercussions and consequences of this sexually explicit affair. Unlike Pelagia and Corellis relationship, war separates Stephen and Isabelle before it even begins, therefore their love does not last a lifetime, as a true love should. Their relationship is more about the physical act of love rather than the emotional aspect, which Pelagia and Corelli depict. Both affairs share an element of passion, lust, naivety and also the need of secrecy, which comparisons can be made. In Captain Corellis Mandolin the central theme is undoubtedly, war. Even before the novel begins we are presented with a pessimistic and gloomy poem about war, The Soldier by Humbert Wolfe, which emphasises the fact that the novel treats war as a main theme and additionally, he is setting the tone. After reading the novel, the reader realises that all of the events that occur in it are in some way or another originated because of the war. True love is another major theme in the novel. Love is portrayed as a secret shared between the two characters, as an enclosed experience from the barriers of society and a love that can only be repressed as something forbidden, even before they meet their love is condemned by the Duce. I really cannot countenance the idea of men of Italy setting up house with native women and diluting the purity of blood I just wont have love affairs. The Duce. Pelagia lives in Greece who is at war with Italy, and Corelli enters her life as a soldier and an enemy to her country. Consequently the love shared between the characters is forbidden because society will call Pelagia A fascists whore. When Corelli comes to stay at Dr Iannis and Pelagias home, emotions begin to run high because of the war and the tension it has created between their countries; they gradually begin to fall in love by making each other laugh as a way of overlooking their differences, With him she would always remember that she laughed. At first Pelagia did what was expected of her by society by detesting Corelli, but soon the hatred turned to frustration as the true emotions that are repressed emerges. The scene in which Pelagia and Corelli, share their first kiss, is surrounded by nature. The events which lead to the kiss are quite humorous, as Pelagia has got her hair caught amongst briars and thorns and Corelli comments on the fact that she is in a very vulnerable position. As Corelli is de-tangling Pelagias hair, they become quite physically close which leads to the first kiss, making them close in more than just a physical manner. The language used to depict the kiss, describes a sequence of physical love, He took her hand gently in his hands, and touched at the tears with his lips. Hungry and desperate, filled with light, they could not draw away from each other. This portrays their love to be real and intimate in a non-sexual manner. As they share this unpatriotic and secret kiss it is infinitely enclosed from the outside world and all barriers are broken, but still forbidden and a risk they cannot do in public. This scene also has humour portrayed through the language used as Pelagia and Corelli return home as it reaches dusk, Their combined booty shamefully and accusingly failed to reach the quota reached by Lemoni on her own. This lightens the situation and breaks away from the tension created in the build-up to the kiss, it also breaks away from the harsh reality of war that surrounds them. Love is presented as an escape from reality of life, which is almost like a comic relief in the novel. The love shared between Pelagia and Corelli is physical and passionate, but in a different way to Stephen and Isabelle, who are literally physical and passionate with each other. Another reason why their relationship is secret is because Pelagia is already betrothed to Mandras, who is away fighting for Greece. Their love is idealistic and mainly infatuation portrayed through the structure as a stream of consciousness split with Pelagias views and Mandrass views on their relationship. Pelagias views are mainly of erotic love, When he kisses me I want to reach round him and take a buttock in each hand. There is no passion or romance, but mainly physical attraction. She also doubts whether Mandras is right for her, he is not a serious fellow, and it gives me doubts. These doubts are continuous as she finds faults in Mandras and she almost regrets the engagement. There is hardly any romance since Pelagia feels very little love for Mandras, she imagined Mandras had died she also felt relief. Mandrass view on their relationship is that Pelagia would be his ideal wife, who will cook and clean for him, but this is something Pelagia is against. This shows a lack of understanding for each other. It is when Mandras returns from war and his appearance has changed, that Pelagia falls out of love which in turn proves there was only physical attraction between them. Colour imagery is used very subtlety throughout the novel, A Greek love of the colour of virginity had caused many of them to be painted white This is quite relevant due to the fact that Pelagia waits forty years for Corelli to return to her, throughout this time and until the end of the novel she remains a virgin, as she was always waiting for him to be one with whom she shares this intimate experience. At one point of the novel when Corelli is wandering around the ruins of Argostoli, De Bernieres reflects upon his view and essentially one of the underlying messages of the novel, Little Girls as innocent and sweet as this had died for nothing in Malta, in London, in Hamburg, in Warsaw. But they are statistical little girls. He exposes his intentions in depicting war as he did, by saying that the little girls died for nothing which is a comment on the futility and meaningless of war. The contrast of love and war arises, as the language used by De Bernieres is very graphic and very gory in the decriptions we get of certain deaths, which is where Captain Corellis Mandolin and Birdsong are quite similar. He presents us with the people behind the numbers, the humans with feelings, emotions and desires. The authors style when depicting the death of Carlo and the appearance of a corpse is quite exaggeratedly violent: Carlos back as ragged and appalling holes burst through from inside his body, releasing shreds of tattered flesh and crimson gouts of blood. And The pieces of skull looked grey and were coated in membrane and thick blood. Some of the fluid was right red and some of it was crimson. He was still alive. Here De Bernieres uses impacting images aided by the slightly onomatopoeic sounds of words to add to the effect of repulsion to the description, thick blood, tattered flesh and gouts of blood. This contrasts with the earlier love scenes between Pelagia and Corelli quite drastically, which was portrayed as humorous and innocent. Faulks takes a different approach to De Bernieres in many ways. First of all there is the idea of romancticsm which is present for the majority of Captain Corellis Mandolin, but in Birdsong this does not entend to the scenes of horror on the battlefield. Stephen experiences love and loss before the war begins and this colours his view of the world and his place in it throughout. Faulks uses the highly explicit love affair between Stephen and Isabelle, at the beginning of the novel in order to provide a clear contrast when, six years later in part two, we find Stephen is now known as Wraysford and in a trench. This is where Faulks begins to differ, he takes us into the world of trenches and miners who were brought in to dig tunnels under enemy trenches. The battle scenes are very effective and they bring the experiences of the soldiers to life to the reader. The relationship between Stephen and Isabelle too, begins as a secret that if discovered could be quite disastrous. In comparison to Corelli and Pelagia, Stephen and Isabelles relaionship is very physical and passionate in a sexual way not a sensual way, which is not only graphically depicted through their actions, but also in the language used by Faulks. In Stephens first meeting with the Azaire family, Madame Azaire is the first member of the family he notices and she is the first one who addresses him as Monsieur and then shows him his seat. Tension is already beginning to build up between these two characters as they both begin to avoid each others eye, In return he avoided hers, It is almost as if they do look into each others eye, they would never be able to stop, it is clear to the reader there is an attraction beginning to develop here. This is then followed by Faulks first description of Isabelle, which shows her to be a restrained and pure character through the use of colour imagery, Sweep of her strawberry chestnut hair, caught and held up off her face. She wore a white lace blouse. Her purity is then contradicted by the fact that she wore a dark red stone at the throat which shows that beneath her exterior lies danger, passion, lust and seduction ready to explore and live in the danger of a secret love affair. Throughout Part One of the novel, Stephen has great difficulty in keeping his eyes off Isabelle, it is clear to the reader how Stephen feels about her, but it is not completely clear as to how Isabelle fee ls. The first time Stephen and Isabelle are alone, is in the garden where she is pruning a group of rose bushes. She greets him formally as a way of stopping him get close. Stephen attempts to help her with no plan of action he starts to snip at a few dead flowers. This is almost as if he is cutting away convention, so that their passion can flower as rose thorns are harsh and if you dont cut them back you can get hurt. Colour imagery is also used here as symbolism for the passion ready to erupt, The brown petals of formerly white rose fell away. The pruning away of the rose, which metaphorically is Azaire, allows it to be replaced by red, dangerous, passion, with Stephen. Stephen then confronts Isabelle, as he grabbed her hand and as he does this, blood rushes to her face and her eyes filled with alarm this is not because she is afraid of him, but afraid of what might happen between them. Stephen is then slightly relieved as he has finally acted up on the feelings he has been trying to repress from emerging. Isabelle tries to laugh it off and asks him to let go but, There was not much pressure of withdrawal from her hand itself to accompany her words. This is because she wants to pursue Stephen, but cannot because she is scared of Azaire and his power. Isabelle is still trying to stop the inevitable from happening, but even as Stephen is walking away she is still thinking about him and shakes her head As though in defiance of an unwanted feeling. Blood is a constant theme throughout the novel, as well as representing the passion and love between Stephen and Isabelle; it is also used in the war scenes, to describe deaths of the soldiers that fought. Isabelle later returns and tells him to come to the red room which again is hinting at the passion, which is about to be explored through the colour imagery of the red room. The language that Faulks uses in describing what happens in the red room is quite graphic and explicit, which is just as he does in the war scenes later on. The portrayal is of very physical sex, but it is emotionless. She was starting to shake and tremble he was driven by frantic haste shudder in long rhythmic movements a sensation that was impossible to sustain The sensation broke and flooded her again and again The language is very graphic and shocking, which the audience would not anticipate as this type of language is generally not expected in a war novel. Even though the war has not begun yet, the language used in describing the intimate love scenes between Stephen and Isabelle, is just as violent and powerful as the war scenes. Isabelle realises that she is pregnant, no blood came and as the blood has gone, the doubts return and morality becomes an issue, which marks the end of the sexual passion and affair that she has shared with Stephen. The experience of trench warfare is made extremely vivid, which is where Bidsong and Captain Corellis Mandolin begin to differ quite noticibly. This is because Captain Corellis Mandolin is set in World War Two where trench warfare was not used to the same extent as in Birdsong, which is set in World War One. The terror of life at the front and in the underground beneath it, is quite drastically portrayed by Faulks, the horror is depicted objectively through the eyes of the characters, particular Stephen Wraysford. Faulks also vividly evokes the dread of constant noise from the barrage and bombardment, the fear of gas attack and the terror of life or death in the trenches, When there was a battle or a raid, they expected to die. There was a continuous awareness that any moment could bring death. Faulks notes that the reason that shellfire made the soldiers so nervous was because they had seen the damage they were capable of causing, he uses overpowering imagery to demonstrate the horror and wastefulness of war. A direct hit would obliterate all visible evidence that a man ever existed: a lesser one would rip him to pieces. Faulkss writing reflects a desire to paint the details of love and war as graphically and realistically as possible. The nature and length of war led people to question many things; the motives of Generals and Politians, this is reflected in bothCaptain Corellis Mandolin through characters of Mussolini and Metaxas as well as in Birdsong, The main difference between Captain Corellis Mandolin and Birdsong is that Captain Corellis Mandolin has the love story running throughout, it is humorous and romantic, but also serious and gruesome in parts, especially when it concerns death of soldiers. Birdsong on the other hand is more objectively written and does not let love get in the way of war, by being sectioned away from the war parts of the novel. Both novels portray war as being futile and senseless and putting the lives of millions of brave men and innocnent people in risk, in essence, for the sake of it. The consequences of this are brought about very clearly in the texts by showing death in a crude and violent way, which emphasises how fragile humans are.

Demystifying Multiculturalism essays

Demystifying Multiculturalism essays Response to Demystifying Multiculturalism Multiculturalism is one of the most controversial issues in education, I believe. Not only is it used in education anymore but also used in government, corporate leaders, and even media. Linda Chavezs, Demystifying Multiculturalism best describes how multiculturalism is used in the United States. It describes the ways that people are being judged by the color of the skin. People arrived in the United States that had a different racial or ethnic background; they were thought of as a disadvantage compared to the white American men. Discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice. White American people are being discriminated against, because of affirmative action. I agree with her about white people being discriminated against. In the court case, University of California vs. Bakke, Bakke filed a law suite against the University for not allowing him to attend medical school. The university, because of affirmative action, had to accept a certain number of non-white students before accepting any other white students. Bakke scored higher on his test then most of the non-white student, but was not accepted. Bakke was more qualified to enter college but was not admitted. His case won, and he was allowed to attend medical school, but it didnt change the policy of affirmative action. Bakkes case showed that a white student was being discriminated against. Chavez also writes that most of the people are not of full-blood race, and that they are mixed blood. Lots of Hispanics marry non-Hispanic whites, and that is also true of other races. Why do they get almost the same treatment as a true immigrant? We all came from an ancestor that was once an immigrant; so shouldnt we all get the same treatment? The Government spends billions of money on teaching immigrants how to speak the native language i...

Give Me No Epiphanies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Give Me No Epiphanies - Essay Example rney and Kibbe’s views, a restricted government where politicians stand for the principles of personal liberty and autonomy and the people lobby for the restoration of these principles in the government. Arney and Kibbe are against the epiphany of Republicans that they should be more like Democrats to win, and instead, they stress that the latter must focus on the progressive ideals of good governance. Arney and Kibbe explain that Republicans should go back to their fundamental beliefs, where the people must control the government, and not the other way around. â€Å"Against Epiphanies† demonstrates that their epiphany about governance is radiant because for Arney and Kibbe, only a restricted government can resolve American society’s and government’s ills. Their epiphany lies in contradiction to the Democratic epiphany that America needs more government because they argue that the government needs more people who have personal liberty and autonomy to make individual and collective decisions. They also criticize the rise of Big Corporations that support and benefit from Big Government. Hence, Arney and Kibbe see themselves in a new light, where they persuade peop le to work together through small contributions and actions, so that they can change their government and put control back to the people. â€Å"Against Epiphanies† demonstrates that Give Us Liberty is a political epiphany because of what Arney and Kibbe discover about civil society and the government. They realized that they do not need to be politicians to promote social and political changes. They only have to gather enough mass influence to pressure politicians to change their politics by going back to the essential principles that can make the U.S. a great country once more- the principles of individual freedom and autonomy, not the principles of Big Government and Big

Importance of Process Recording in Nursing Case Study

Importance of Process Recording in Nursing - Case Study Example The parts of the conversation that went well were in the therapeutic practices of silence, clarification, and reflection. She was allowed to be in control so she could direct the conversation, the silence allowing for her to expand upon her thoughts about her feelings of anger and regret. As a listener, it was important to reflect back to her what she was saying, helping her to clarify her thoughts and paraphrasing when necessary in order to fully explore the topic and allow her room to discuss her feelings. In repeating what she said back to her, it allowed her to hear her own words and to help find interpretations about what she was trying to convey during the interview. Paraphrasing is feedback that will allow the patient to know that the listener is hearing what is being said, as well as acknowledging the beliefs and feelings of the patient (Basavanthappa, 2004).  The parts of the conversation that went well were in the therapeutic practices of silence, clarification, and refle ction. She was allowed to be in control so she could direct the conversation, the silence allowing for her to expand upon her thoughts about her feelings of anger and regret. As a listener, it was important to reflect back to her what she was saying, helping her to clarify her thoughts and paraphrasing when necessary in order to fully explore the topic and allow her room to discuss her feelings. In repeating what she said back to her, it allowed her to hear her own words and to help find interpretations about what she was trying to convey during the interview. Paraphrasing is feedback that will allow the patient to know that the listener is hearing what is being said, as well as acknowledging the beliefs and feelings of the patient (Basavanthappa, 2004).   A big mistake at the end of the interview was in giving my opinion on what she could consider when thinking about the past. Giving an opinion, according to Basavanthappa (2004), is one way in which to interrupt the work that a p atient is doing about a topic. Opinions are not a good way to work with people when in a therapeutic session. As well, I found that my own feelings about the topic were impeding my listening capabilities. I do not know why portions of her conversation made me feel annoyed and almost angry, but what she said was affecting my own feelings. I did not find her annoying, or her topic to be annoying, but for some reason, I felt annoyed about something she was saying. It may be that I was reflecting her feelings through my own, adopting what she was feeling into my own emotions. I was frustrated for her and felt her grief at not accomplishing what she desires to accomplish.   At one point I felt superior during the conversation as if I understood her completely and could keep her on point. This was a mistake as I worked towards getting to the root of the issue. I led her, to an extent, and this is not always the way to provide therapeutic support. It is possible that when I inserted the idea of teaching about life into the conversation, I took too much control. As I reflect on the conversation, it seems as soon as I said what she may have been angry about; her ability to communicate about it was stalled. I may have put up a communication barrier, stopping her from being able to express her own feelings and in the process of trying to focus the conversation, it may have been stunted from my making assumptions.   This conversation was an interesting experience in trying to keep a focused conversation while maintaining objectivity about the experience. In reflecting on my own behaviors, it is clear that I inserted too much of my own beliefs into the topic. At the time it seemed that the conversation was client directed, but it might be that I directed too much of the direction of the talk. In looking back on how the interview was conducted, it might be said that I was not focused on the patient, but on my own capacity to understand the ideas she was presenting. I fi nd that the process of working on this type of communications is necessary as I see that it is not as easy to accomplish as it might appear.  

The Impact of Social Awareness in Reducing Energy Consumption Term Paper

The Impact of Social Awareness in Reducing Energy Consumption - Term Paper Example In this case, it is for the sake of future`s time. The methodology used in this study is internet research in which the writer browses information and pictures that are needed to complete the study. As a result, it can be concluded that building social awareness through many ways like television advertisements to social networks usage can be maximum campaign to achieve the purpose. In this case, how to make a better future by reducing the use of energy consumption. Table of Contents Acknowledgement .....................................................................................................................2 Abstract......................................................................................................................................3 Table of Contents....................................................................................................................4-5 Introduction.................................................................................. ..............................................6 1.The Continuous Growth of Energy Consumption in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia....................7 1.1.Background: Problems of Energy Sustainability........................................................7-8 1.2.The Continuous Growth of Population..........................................................................9 1.3. Dependence to Light Bulbs on Decoration..............................................................9-10 1.4. The Unnecessary Over Use of Electricity...................................................................10 1.5. Lack of People Awareness..........................................................................................11 2. Developing Social... This study aims at analysing the facts happen in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia about its use of energy consumption. It has been found that the trend of the use has increased as time goes by. The energy that has become main concerns are oil, gas and electricity. According to the paper findings as there are matters occur after the trend of using energy increases, the writer decides to enlighten the readers with solutions of building social awareness to reduce the energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to remind people that it is crucial to minimize the consumption of energy. In this case, it is for the sake of future`s time. The methodology used in this study is internet research in which the writer browses information and pictures that are needed to complete the study. As a result, it can be concluded that building social awareness through many ways like television advertisements to social networks usage can be maximum campaign to achieve the purpose. In this case, how to make a better future by reducing the use of energy consumption. Energy is one of the factors of the movements in this life. Many aspects need energy in order to survive; a life without energy could be terrible situation especially to our modern society. Can you im agine several conditions such as; offices and houses without electricity, daily activities without transportation facilities, There are no planes or ships to reach other cities and countries, cellular phones without battery, or even no energy to support internet connection.

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Research Methods - Essay Example The independent variables negatively correlated with the dependent variable: number of MP3s, and age. The model is a poor model in explaining CD sales because the adjusted R2 is only 0.27. Nevertheless, the F-statistics is significant with a p-value of 0.001. This means that we can reject the null hypothesis that all coefficients of the independent variables of the model are simultaneously equal to zero. Thus, unless a better model is found, the model may be used on a provisional basis. For inferences to be appropriate, several assumptions are assumed to apply in multiple regressions (Gujarati 2004, p. 203), there are several assumptions involved in using linear regression. The most important of these are as follows: zero mean of residuals, no serial errors among residuals, homocedasticity, zero covariance between independent variable and residuals, absence of specification bias or the model is correctly specified, and no exact collinearity between the independent variables (Gujarati 2004, p. 203 and 204). Except for gender and age, all variables are able to provide a significant explanation on the value of the dependent variable. The variable â€Å"task control,† however, is able to explain at a significant level the dependent variable in Netherlands but not in the US. Except for tenure, the background variables are unable to provide a significant marginal contribution in explaining the value of the dependent variable. The variables task control environment control, and tenure consistently manifest a negative relationship and all are significantly related at p-value=0.10 with the dependent variable perceived work stress. That greater job control can significantly affect the perceived work stress is adequately supported in both regressions. However, I am uncomfortable that the both regression model can only explain not more than 25% of the variation

Mid-Term Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mid-Term - Essay Example She loves new experiences, unstructured work activities and creative space. This means that her qualities suit any industry that involves a great deal of interactions, communication and creativity. This includes marketing and advertising, product development, design (both fashion and industrial), teaching, research, social work, and information technology (IT). These fields will exploit Chris’s strengths and allow her to thrive. She will also have the opportunity to make a difference, directly and indirectly, to people’s lives. Research is a highly demanding career that involves spending a lot of time alone. This will compliment Chris’s introverted nature and allow her to be in her element. While pursuing research, she can use her progressive, out-of-the-box mindset, investigative traits, analytical skills, dynamism, and vision to conduct research that can change the lives of people around the world. Her introverted nature would be ideal for laboratory work, since most research involves conducting lab experiments, analyzing data, and establishing and decoding patterns and relationships. As a teacher, Chris can use her analytical skills to engage her students and to develop new pedagogical methods that improve their learning experience. She is also likely to benefit from the psychological dimension of teaching, which involves evaluating students to determine their strengths and weaknesses and how to improve their performances. Her affinity for new experiences, goal-setting and time-consciousness, and creativity will allow her to carry out her teaching duties at the highest possible standards. Finally, since she is a visionary, she can inspire her students to work harder and improve so that they can achieve their goals. She would find assisting students grow and develop a highly fulfilling endeavor. Chris needs a workplace where she can participate in social, investigative, and artistic activities. Her investigative nature requires

Capstone and Case Studies in Energy Technology Term Paper

Capstone and Case Studies in Energy Technology - Term Paper Example Human Performance and Anatomy of an Event In its simple definition, human performance is a string of actions and behaviors implemented to achieve definite task objectives and milestones (Department of Energy, 2007). In mathematical terms, human performance is behavior plus results. Behavior can be defined as the aggregate responses to internal and external stimuli (Dictionary, 2011). The study of behavior and its causes are exceedingly valuable as the indication for development efforts to foresee, prevent, and recover from human errors and events. A range of studies by the nuclear industry, the aircraft industry, and the National Safety Council synonymously found that: †¢ About 80% of all events are caused by human errors. 20% are the result of equipment failures. In some industries, the numbers are closer to 90% human error and 10% equipment failures. And, †¢ When we break down human errors, we find that 70% of all human error is the result of latent organizational weaknesses or errors within the organization, whereas about 30% are individual errors. Anatomy of an Event: Events or Accidents are unwelcome, undesirable variation in the systems that often result in severe degradation or annihilation of equipment’s capacity to perform its normal function. The course of an event usually revolves around initiating action, error precursors, latent organizational weaknesses and flawed defenses. The starting point of an accident is an initiating action that is done unintentionally or intentionally (violation), causing active errors that have immediate, undesirable outcomes to the whole process. This initiating action is scaled up with error precursors that are basically unfavorable pre-existing conditions at the event site hence increasing the vulnerability of the accident risk. Further more, the management of an accident or event are demented by latent organizational weaknesses such as inefficient management control, ineffective engineering design and control and other system level weaknesses. Flawed

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Research Methods - Essay Example The independent variables negatively correlated with the dependent variable: number of MP3s, and age. The model is a poor model in explaining CD sales because the adjusted R2 is only 0.27. Nevertheless, the F-statistics is significant with a p-value of 0.001. This means that we can reject the null hypothesis that all coefficients of the independent variables of the model are simultaneously equal to zero. Thus, unless a better model is found, the model may be used on a provisional basis. For inferences to be appropriate, several assumptions are assumed to apply in multiple regressions (Gujarati 2004, p. 203), there are several assumptions involved in using linear regression. The most important of these are as follows: zero mean of residuals, no serial errors among residuals, homocedasticity, zero covariance between independent variable and residuals, absence of specification bias or the model is correctly specified, and no exact collinearity between the independent variables (Gujarati 2004, p. 203 and 204). Except for gender and age, all variables are able to provide a significant explanation on the value of the dependent variable. The variable â€Å"task control,† however, is able to explain at a significant level the dependent variable in Netherlands but not in the US. Except for tenure, the background variables are unable to provide a significant marginal contribution in explaining the value of the dependent variable. The variables task control environment control, and tenure consistently manifest a negative relationship and all are significantly related at p-value=0.10 with the dependent variable perceived work stress. That greater job control can significantly affect the perceived work stress is adequately supported in both regressions. However, I am uncomfortable that the both regression model can only explain not more than 25% of the variation

Capstone and Case Studies in Energy Technology Term Paper

Capstone and Case Studies in Energy Technology - Term Paper Example Human Performance and Anatomy of an Event In its simple definition, human performance is a string of actions and behaviors implemented to achieve definite task objectives and milestones (Department of Energy, 2007). In mathematical terms, human performance is behavior plus results. Behavior can be defined as the aggregate responses to internal and external stimuli (Dictionary, 2011). The study of behavior and its causes are exceedingly valuable as the indication for development efforts to foresee, prevent, and recover from human errors and events. A range of studies by the nuclear industry, the aircraft industry, and the National Safety Council synonymously found that: †¢ About 80% of all events are caused by human errors. 20% are the result of equipment failures. In some industries, the numbers are closer to 90% human error and 10% equipment failures. And, †¢ When we break down human errors, we find that 70% of all human error is the result of latent organizational weaknesses or errors within the organization, whereas about 30% are individual errors. Anatomy of an Event: Events or Accidents are unwelcome, undesirable variation in the systems that often result in severe degradation or annihilation of equipment’s capacity to perform its normal function. The course of an event usually revolves around initiating action, error precursors, latent organizational weaknesses and flawed defenses. The starting point of an accident is an initiating action that is done unintentionally or intentionally (violation), causing active errors that have immediate, undesirable outcomes to the whole process. This initiating action is scaled up with error precursors that are basically unfavorable pre-existing conditions at the event site hence increasing the vulnerability of the accident risk. Further more, the management of an accident or event are demented by latent organizational weaknesses such as inefficient management control, ineffective engineering design and control and other system level weaknesses. Flawed

Readers Interest in The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Readers Interest in The Crucible Essay The Crucible takes place in Salem, a small town in seventeenth century Massachusetts, where religion, fear and hysteria ultimately lead to the famous witchcraft trials in 1692. At the time The Crucible was produced, Senator Joseph McCarthy was in power as the chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee. Due to relative events and the paranoid hunting of pro-communists, The Crucible is seen to be a metaphor for the McCarthy era. Throughout The Crucible, Miller employs several techniques and writing styles to create tension and suspense and to stimulate the audiences interest. The most important reason why The Crucible retains the interest of the audience is because the plot maintains a slow burning, yet consistent pace. Act one is a prime example of how information is released gradually and atmospherically. The very start of the play leaves us oblivious to what has happened, with Parris praying over his inert daughter. This is a great method to grab the audiences attention immediately as we are in the dark right from the start, and naturally are curious about what has happened. As the act progresses, patches of information are revealed, but the uncertainty and contradiction present engages the audience as they are forced to decipher for themselves the truth; at one point Abigail is denying all charges profusely: We did dance, uncle, and when you leaped out of the bush so suddenly, Betty was frightened and then she fainted. And theres the whole of it. However, later, as other charges are brought about, she concedes to them. This way the story keeps momentum as well as suspense. Act 2 employs the same technique to maintain tension when Mary Warren comes home and the information in reference to the court is informed to us. Acts 3 and 4 stay true to this structure and a good example is in act 4 when John Proctor is undecided over his confession, whether or not to sign it- No, it is not the same! What others say and what I sign to is not the same! The audience is on tenterhooks, hoping he will sign (or perhaps not, in some cases). Another main element to The Crucible, which engrosses the audience, is the technique of dramatic irony. In The Crucibles case, dramatic irony is where the audience is aware of something in the play that not all of the characters are. In The Crucible the dramatic irony is that we know that there is no witchcraft, and that Abigail and her friends are pretending, but most of the other characters believe it, or at least take advantage of it. Some of the characters must be left ignorant in order to form a basis to the theme of hysteria and madness, but the idea of dramatic irony is so that it creates the ironic and incredulous situations, and involves the audience more proactively as they know what is going on. In act 1 we think that the girls lies will be dismissed as they seem to us so ridiculous, but in Act 2 the true impact of the situation starts to take shape as information of arrests and trials is revealed. By Act 3 the original accusations have manifested into sheer madness which we, as the audience, can see, but the characters cannot. Act 4 does not utilize the tool quite as much as by then Abigail and her peers have unofficially been exposed. The dramatic irony concerning the presence of witchcraft helps to emphasise the theme of hysterical behaviour which, in that respect, has a larger impact on the audience and produces more interesting scenarios from the audiences 0point of view. Another example of dramatic irony is during Act 3 when Elizabeth Proctor is asked to explain to the court her reasons for dismissing Abigail as her servant, unaware that John had just admitted his affair with her. This scene is perhaps the tensest in the entire play as the fate of Salem rested on Elizabeth confirming that Proctor was an adulterer. However, she lies and tells the court Proctor was not a lecher, not wanting to get him into trouble. Excellency, it is a natural lie to tell This is said by Reverend Hale as he too is trying to stop this insanity, and the audience is also frustrated with the situation. Which is one of the key emotions that dramatic irony provokes to sustain the audiences attention- frustration. Our hopes that the situation will be resolved and our almost angry views to some of the characters ignorance involves us in the plot and helps to share what John Proctor and some of the other characters must be feeling. In order to maintain the suspense and atmosphere in-between acts, Miller makes sure to end the first 3 acts with suspense and cliff-hangers and Act 4 with a big finale. In the ultimate scenes of Act 1, the tension created throughout the start of the play reaches its climax with Abigail and the other Girls accusing various Salem citizens of witchcraft to relieve themselves of attention. Miller has chosen a fantastic way to draw the Act to an unmistakeable close but still retaining the interest of the reader; it draws the events of the night together, satisfying the reader in one element, but has at the same time unleashed a larger and more complex crisis upon Salem, rousing the inquisitive eagerness experienced right from the very start of the play. Act 2 also ends dramatically with Elizabeths arrest after Abigail utilizes Marys poppet to frame Elizabeth. As in Act 1, it draws the nights events to a satisfying climax with Elizabeths arrest, but also leaves the reader expectant of Act 3s events with Proctor and Mary planning to expose Abigail. My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your mouth but that goodness will not die for me! This powerful sentence from Proctor gives the audience hope for Elizabeth and, at the same time, makes sure the audience knows that dramatic events are yet to come. Additional to suspense-filled endings, Miller employs the use of time lapses in-between acts in order to maintain the pace. Between both Acts 1 and 2, and Acts 3 and 4, there is a significant time jump. This way it stops the plot from appearing too dragged out and makes sure that the suspense doesnt die down so the audiences interest is still at its peak.

Water Supply And Pollution In Singapore

Water Supply And Pollution In Singapore Water is the most essential needs for living things, some countries like Mexico and Egypt are able to obtain clean water easily, however it is a life or death issue in many countries in the world. One of the counties that used to have a water problem is Singapore. Singapore is an island and urban city state which had problems with water in its early days. It is because Singapore does not have natural lakes and there is only little land to collect rainwater. However, in the last 4 decades Singapore has proven itself to be a country that successfully deals with water. This essay will discuss about the water related problems in Singapore, how the PUB (Public Utilities Board) as the Singapores national water agency overcome those problems, and some leadership factors that contribute to the success of PUB in solving the problems. Problems and solutions Water pollution has never been a new phenomenon and it has always been part of the ecological system. It can be caused by erosion, siltation of the streams, flood, dead animal, also the increase of human activities, etc. This phenomenon happened in many parts of the world, it happens especially in the developing country and industrial countries. Singapore had also dealt with this problem, water pollution in Singapore was caused by four major factors. First, commercial and industrial location, back in 1960s majority of manufacture was located on south and south west part of the country. These manufactures did not dump their industrial waste into the place that were provided therefore, after a few years Government made a new policies and regulation then asked the manufactures to comply with the requirement. (Hung, C. 1976) Second, hawker and market, a survey in 1969 proved that there were 18000 hawkers island wide. Most of them were using water for their business and contributing a substantial pollution to the rivers. It was estimated that about four million gallons of water waste were discharge to the streams each day. Hence, to overcome this problem those hawkers were resided to the hawker centers where the waste could be drained in the septic tank. (Hung, C. 1976) Next, farm waste, it was also big issues due to water pollution in 1960s since there were large number of farmers rearing pigs and poultry. Primary Production Department estimated that there were 600,000 pigs in Singapore these pigs produced 3 million gallons of excrement per day. Many farmers at that period discharged their farm waste to the river thus, it caused the river to be polluted. In order to control this problem, the small scale of farm would have to be encouraged and farmers were pushed to reuse the water in the farm since water in such farm is for the cleansing of the pig excrements. (Hung, C. 1976) Last but not least, the kitchen waste had also been a problem to the society in 1970s because the water waste was discharge to the open drain also the garbage was dumped into the rivers. Even though those are households waste, these wastes also contributing pollution to the river. To reduce this problem, the government tightened up the regulation such as, disallow the resident for washing their clothes on the concrete apron behind the house, discharges from wash hand basins which usually go into the open drains are prohibited. (Hung, C. 1976) Furthermore, the water engineers in Singapore always monitor the level of the river pollution. They will detect and trace the cause if there is an increase in the level of pollution. In 1979, Singapore was able to monitor 42% of the whole country. (Liu, O. 1979). Water supply has also been a big issue for Singapore, since it is a small country that only has limited water resource Singapore has to carefully plan and encourage the citizen to use the water wisely otherwise, this country could experience a water shortage. Back in 1990, Singapore was experienced an unusual period of dry weather which was caused the reservoir stocks to dropped to 68 percent from 95 percent (Public Utilities Board Annual Report 1990, 31 December 1990, pp 12). In order to prevent history to repeat itself, in recent days Singapore has four major water sources which are called National Taps. National Taps consist of water from Johor, water catchment from reservoir, desalinated water and recycled water called NEWater. Almost half of Singapores water demand was fulfilled by the imported water (water from Johor) the water agreement between these two countries was begun in 1927. These countries made another agreement in 1961, 1962 and 1990, the 1961 agreement will expire o n 2011 while the other two will expire on 2061. Singapore has some water catchment areas those are located in Ang Mo Kio, Bishan, and so on. Water catchment is about collecting water especially rain water and processing the water so that it can be consumed by the society, when this water from water catchment are being used the used water is collected then treated again to produce NEWater. NEWater is the Singapores brand for their recycled water and it also another Singapores water resources. In the present, NEWater is mostly used by industry due to its cheap price and cleanliness moreover, it able to cover 30 percents of the industrys water needs. Another water supply comes from desalination process whereby sea water is collected and treated so that the salt is extracted and the water becomes drinkable water. However, this type of water is not famous among the people compared to the other three sources it is because this type of water is more expensive due to its technology to transform sea water become into drinking water. The challenges that PUB has to deal with are not only how to cope the demand of the society but also how to reduce the demand. As there is an increase in the number of population in Singapore, the demand for water has also increased. In 1950s when the population of Singapore was about 1 million, the daily consumption of water was only 142,000 daily per capita the consumption of water increase by more than 100 percent in 1960 when the population had increased to 1.6 million by 1970s when the population reached 2.4 million, the demand for water had gone up to 262 liters per person per day. However, this is not the only factors that make the demand for water increase. Industrial development and better standard of living are the other factors which make the demand for water raise. In 1950 there were only about 580 industrial organizations with 10 or more workers. In 1970s, the number of industrial company went up to more than 2,900 companies. This made the water consumption increased fro m 50,000 cubic meters to 170,000. Water is still relatively cheap compared the other commodities and with the increase in living standard, people tend to be more liberal with the use of water. (Liu, O. 1979). Today, the population has increased to about 4.6million while water demand has grown 1.3 million cubic meters per capita. To anticipate this problem, PUB tries to seize the use of water through pricing, campaign, promoting and encouraging ownership. Pricing of water is an efficient and effective mechanism in encouraging customers to use water wisely. The water is priced to recover the full cost of its production and to make people realize that the natural supply of this precious resource is decreasing. . The water tariffs and water conservation tax were restructured over a 4-year period, starting in 1997 and it is valid for domestic and non-domestic consumers (except for domestic consumers using more than 40 cubic meters per month. Before 1 July 1997, the first 20 cubic meters of domestic consumption for each household was charged at S$0.56 per cubic meters. The next 20-40 cubic meters were charged at S$0.80 per cubic meters. Non domestic consumption of more than 40 cubic meters per month was charged S$1.17 per cubic meters. From year 2000 onward, domestic consumption of up to 40 cubic meters per month and nondomestic uses were charged at a consistent rate of S$1.17 per cubic meters. For domestic consumption of more than 40 cubic meters per month, the tariff became S$1.40 per cubic meters, which is higher than non-domestic consumption. The earlier cheaper block rate for the first 20 cubic meters of domestic consumption was eliminated. Furthermore, PUB also tries to lower the water usage by conducting a campaign for example, in 24 June 1995 PUB launched a campaign called Save Water Campaign at Bedok waterworks. This campaign was held to make the Singaporean realize that water conservation is vital to their future and also to encourage the community to use the water more prudently and effectively. During the campaign month, seminars on water conservation were given to students and workers, PUB had also invited the students, workers, and community groups to visit the water plants. Moreover, water rationing was also exercised during this campaign. The purpose of this training was to let the Singaporean experienced the difficulties and inconvenience of water shortage. Additionally, PUB also made many advertisements through mass media to make people aware about the campaign. Advertising materials such as, posters stickers, leaflets were distributed island wide. The campaign slogan and logo was also printed in the PUB bill envelopes on that month 155 litres of  water  daily per Singaporean Hung, C. (1976). Water pollution and its control in Singapore. P.100-112

Euthanasia Essay examples -- essays research papers

Euthanasia & Assisted Suicide â€Å"To be or not to be† Problem: Life is a precious gift containing a wide spectrum of emotions and experiences that make it so sacred. Emotions and experiences are intertwined and are the substance of ones existence. Yet when the pain outweighs the joy of life one begins questioning whether or not to endure. â€Å"To be or not to be† an extremely difficult question, a query that resides souly in desperation a place of pain and darkness. What brings a person to even consider such an act? What is up ahead or around this individual that feeds the need to bail out? It seems that perpetual pain or loss of ones control are both common reasons for this escape. Euthanasia and assisted suicide have both been topics contemplated throughout the history of human civilization. Whether or not one has the right to take their own life and further more get aid in doing so. â€Å"Euthanasia can be traced as far back as to the ancient Greek and Roman civilization where it was allowed to help others die†(Encarta 98). Thi s practice has followed us through the years and has been rejected accepted and considered throughout the globe. â€Å" In the United States the first doctor was charged for performing euthanasia in 1935. Harold Blazer was charged for the death of his daughter a victim of spinal meningitis. After caring for her for thirty years, he placed a rag of chloroform over her face until she died, he was acquitted from charges† (www.angelfire.com/al/jefspage). â€Å"In Holland euthanasia and assisted suicide are both crimes punishable with 12 years in prison, yet it has been a common practice (3,600 cases in 1995 alone) for nearly a decade. These laws are rarely enforced providing physicians follow official guidelines† (Time.com). Currently in the United States controversy swarms on weather or not to allow euthanasia and assisted suicide. †Marian Fredrick stricken with Lou Gehrig’s disease, felt her muscles degenerate to the point where she could no longer hold her head up, or speak. Marian then decided to end her life seeking out Dr. Kevorkian, who helped her find a final peace†(Proposal B). Should we allow a person who is terminally ill, in constant pain, and on the verge of losing control, the right and the privilege to escape from their fading shell? Should they have the â€Å"right† to seek aid and consolation in this important decision? Absolutely, why shou... ...nd taken by God. The meek and uninformed would see the bill as a loss of control and a potential area of abuse. These groups would most likely unite to push agents the bill with a counter â€Å"Right to live† campaign, using the media as well as pushing the populists’ religious and apprehensious pressure points. Pressure on politicians is another poetical threat that the large religious community would exercise, against peoples freedom to chose their own end. Others belief’s should not infringe on the decision concerning ones self, these individuals are free not to participate or believe in this practice, yet to cause another to suffer at their expense is truly unjust. Efforts would have to be increased as a result at better informing the public help people evaluate â€Å"others belief over ones freedom†. Another potential problem is the abuse of this practice, where individuals would be taken advantage of by a devious doctor. The involvement of the st ate with procedures, monitors, and checks would play a important role in reducing if not eliminating abuse. Problems are to be expected, in almost any instance concerning the mass public, yet hopefully the majority can make the right decision.

Analysis of The Metamorphosis Essay -- Franz Kafka Magical Realism Lit

Analysis of The Metamorphosis This story "The Metamorphosis" is about Gregor, a workaholic, who is changed into an insect and must then deal with his present reality. The hardest part of being an insect for him was the alienation from his family, which eventually leads to his death. In reading the short story "The Metamorphosis," (1971),one can realize how small the difference is between Magical Realism and Fantastic. This literature written by the Austrian, Franz Kafka, is often debated over. The magical elements in this story are obvious like they should be in fantastic literature. It is not often that humans are turned into insects. Another magical element that is not as clear is the unconditional love that Gregor had for his parents and sister after they had long forgotten about him. The realist elements in this story include about everything else. A characteristic of fantasy is that there is only one magical element in a realistic world. The reaction to the metamorphosis by Gregor's family is probably the most realistic. This includes the way they alienated him and the conditional live they had for him. Most people, like this family, love someone only when it benefits themselves. In this fantastic story, the author Franz Kafka uses the metamorphosis to depict how he sees society. Throughout the story, he makes one see society through Gregor's eyes. Kafka portrays society as being fickle and a close-minded one. The purpose in this story, like all fantastic stories, is told at a deeper level. The purpose of "The Metamorphosis" is to show how people gradually change over time. Gregor, due to his situation with work and his family, was slowly changing into a monster and he did not even know it. People do cha... ...." Franz Kafka: The Complete Stories. Ed. Nahum N. Glatzer. N.Y.: Schocken Books Inc., 1971: 89-139. Leal, Luis. "Magical Realism in Spanish American Literature." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995: 119-124. Rabkin, Eric S. The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Form. Cleveland: The Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1973. 8-19. Roh, Franz. "Magical Realism: Post-Expressionism." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995: 15-32. Simpkins, Scott. "Sources of Magical Realism/ Supplements to Realism in Contemporary Latin American Literature." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995: 145-159.

Eating Customs and Traditions in Great Britain Essay

The usual meals in Great Britain are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner; or in simplier homes, breakfast, dinner, tea and supper. Breakfast is generally a bigger meal than you can have it on the Continent, though some English people like a â€Å"continental† breakfast of rolls and butter and coffee. But the usual breakfast is porridge or â€Å"Corn Flakes† with milk or cream and sugar, becon and eggs, marmalade with butter toast, and tea or coffee. For a change you can have a boiled egg, cold ham, or perhaps fish. Lunch is usually served between twelve and one o’clock. The businessman in London usually finds it impossible to come home for lunch, and so he goes to a cafà © or to a restaurant, but those who are at home generally take a cold meat, e.g., beef, mutton, veal, ham, with boiled or fried potatoes, salad and pickles, with a pudding or fruit to follow. Sometimes you may have a mutton chop, steak and chips, followed by biscuits and cheese and a cup of coffee. Afternoon tea follows between four and five o’clock. You can hardly call it a meal, but it is a sociable sort of thing, as friends often come in for a chat while they have their cup of tea, cake or biscuit. In some houses dinner is the biggest meal of the day. You can have soup, fish, roast chicken, chops, potatoes and vegetables, a sweet, fruit and nuts. The two substantial meals of a day, lunch and dinner, are both more and less the same. But in a great many of English homes the midday meal is the chief one of the day, and in the evening they have the much simplier supper-an omelette, or sausages, sometimes bacon and eggs and sometimes just bread and cheese, a cup of coffee or cocoa and fruit. The two features of life in England that possibly give visitors their worst impressions are the English weather and English cooking. The former is something that nobody can do anything about, but cooking is something that can be learned. English food has often been described as tasteless. Although this criticism has been more than justifies in the past, and in many instances still is, the situation is changing somewhat. One of the reasons that English cooking is improving is that so many people have been spending their holidays abroad and have learned to appreciate unfamiliar dishes. However, there are still many British people who are so unadventurous when they visit other countries that will condemn everywhere that doesn’t provide them tea and either fish and chips or sausages, baked beans and chips or overdone steak and chips. One of the traditional grouses about English food is the way that vegetables are cooked. Firstly the only way that many British housewives know to cook green vegetables is to boil them for far too long in too much salt water and then to throw the water away so that all the vitamins are lost. To make matters worst, they don’t strain the vegetables sufficiently so that they appear as a soggy wet mass on the plate. It would be unfair to say that all English food is bad. Many traditional British dishes are as good as anything you can get anywhere. Nearly everybody knows about roast beef and Yorkshire pudding but this is by no means the only dish that is cooked well. A visitor if invited to an English home might well enjoy steak and kidney pudding or pie, saddle of mutton with red-currant jelly, all sorts of smoked fish, especially kippers, boiled salt beef and carrots to mention but a few. A strange thing about England that the visitor may notice is that most of the good restaurants in England are run and staffed by foreigners-for example, there is a larger number of Chinese, Indian and Italian restaurants and to less extent French and Spanish ones. The food and beverage department has two principal aims. The first- and the more important one- is to provide a standard of food and beverage service consistent with the expectations of the quests. The second aim is to maintain the food and beverage operation within the limits set by the food and beverage department and thus to contribute to the overall profitability of the establishment. It is clearly that beverage sales are not only an important part of the sales mix of hospitality establishments but also more profitable than food sales. Coffee is one of the most popular beverages of the world. It is made from berries grown in tropical climates and shipped to the country green that is unroasted. The berries produced vary in composition and the treatment after picking. For this reason, Mocha, Java, Arabica and South American coffees are quite distinct from each other. There are three main methods of preparing coffee- boiling, percolating and drip method. The coffee should not stand long before serving. Tea is made from the leaves of tea bush which is indigenous to the Orient. Black tea is made from leaves which are fermented before drying. Green tea is not fermented; the leaves are steamed and dried. There are two main ways of serving tea: â€Å"English† tea is served in cups and with milk or cream; â€Å"Russian† tea is served in glasses with a slice of lemon. Cocoa and chocolate. As beverages made from them are generally made with milk, they are much more nutritious than the other beverages. Cocoa and chocolate are made from beans or seeds of trees which grow in tropical countries. Also drinks can be classified into soft drinks which contain no spirits (such as lemonades, Pepsi, Coke, etc.) and strong ones, they contain some part of alcohol (such as whisky, gin, wine, liquor, beer). Tea in English is a suitable occasion for social intercourse, when people often come in for a chat over their cup of tea. There are two kinds of tea, â€Å"afternoon tea† and â€Å"high tea†. â€Å"Afternoon tea† takes place between three-thirty and four-thirty and consists of tea, bread, butter and jam, followed by cakes and biscuits. â€Å"High tea† is a substantial meal and is eaten between five-thirty and six-thirty by families which don’t usually have a late dinner. In a well-to-do family it will consist of ham or tongue and tomatoes and salad, or a kipper, or tinned salmon, with a strong tea, bread and butter, followed by stewed fruit, or tinned pears, apricots or pineapple with cream or custard and cake. Tea-making in England is an art. The hostess first of all rinses the teapot with boiling water (this is called â€Å"warming the pot†) before adding four or five teaspoons of tea. The amount of tea varies, of course, according to the number of people present. The pot is then filled with boiling water and covered by a tea-cosy to allow the tea to infuse for five minutes. English people seldom put lemon juice or rum into their tea, usually they have it with milk. The English custom of afternoon tea, as it is said, goes back to the late 18th century, when Anne, wife of the 7th Duke of Bedford, decided that she suffered from â€Å"a sinking feeling† at around 5 p.m. and needed tea and cakes to bring back her strength. Before long, complaints were heard that â€Å"the labourers lose time to come and go to the tea-table and farmers’ servants even demand tea for their breakfast†. Tea had arrived. Fashionable Tea Rooms were opened for high society, and soon tea be came the national drink of all classes. Today the British drink more tea than any other nation – an average of 4 kilos a head per annum, or 1650 cups of tea a year. They drink it in bed in the morning, round the fire on winter afternoons and out in the garden on sunny summer days. In times of trouble the kettle is quickly put on, the tea is made and comforting cups of the warm brown liquid are passes round. Tea has even played its part in wars. When George III of England tried to make the American colonists pay import duty on tea, a group of Americans disguised as Red Indians dumped 342 chests of tea into the sea in Boston Harbour – the Boston Tea Party which led to the War of Independence. In another war the Duke of Wellington sensibly had a cup of tea before starting the Battle of Waterloo, â€Å"to clear my head†. In peace time official approval of the national drink came from the Victorian Prime Minister, Gladstone, who remarked: â€Å"If you are cold, tea will warm you; if you are heated, it will cool you; if you are depressed, it will cheer you; if you are excited, it will calm you.† What exactly is tea? Basically, it is a drink from the dried leaves of a plant that only grows in hot countries. The British first heard of tea in 1598, and first tasted it in about 1650. For nearly two centuries all the tea was imported from China, until, in 1823, a tea plant was found growing naturally in Assan in India. Sixteen years later the first eight chests of Indian tea were sold in London, and today, London’s tea markets deal in tea from India, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), and from Africa more than from China. Plum pudding is sure of its place of honour on Christmas dinner table. Some English people could even dispense with mincepies, but a Christmas dinner in Britain without the traditional pudding would be strange indeed. The Christmas pudding is a direct descendant of the old time â€Å"hackin†, or plum porridge, beloved by English people in the middle ages. In those days it was made of beef or mutton broth thickened with brown bread, with prunes, raisins, currants, ginger and maize being added to the boiling mixture. This was served as a thick soup and eaten at the beginning of the meal. In the 18th century, plum porridge began to change its character with the addition of flour. The porridge thus turned into plum pudding and it became the custom to eat it at the end of the meal. Nowadays, in addition to the basic mixture of flour, bread-crumbs, suet and eggs, the ingredients of Christmas pudding include raising, currants, candied peel, chopped almonds and walnuts, grated carrot and a good measure of brandy, whisky or old ale on place of the described mutton broth. In many households the mixing of the pudding is quite a ceremony with all the members of the family taking turns to stir and make a wish. After being boiled for several hours, the pudding is stored until the time comes for heating it on Christmas Day when it is brought to the table on a large dish, big, round, dark-brown, with a flag or a place of holly stuck in at the top of it, and flames licking round its sides. The Christmas pudding is covered with white sauce and burning in brandy. Receiving each a slice, the guests are warned to eat carefully because sixpenny bits, shillings, a tiny silver bell and a silver horse-shoe have been put in it. Those who find the â€Å"treasure† are supposed to have money in the coming year, whoever gets the bell is to be married, and the horse-shoe is the traditional sign of good luck.

Dystopian Short Story- Year 11

He stood looking down, staring. Like every other morning there was a paper crane lying on the ground. He picked it up and looked around hoping to catch the person who put it there, but there was no one else on the street. The paper crane was on his mind all day. The next morning he left early. He planned on waiting for the person who leaves the paper cranes. He hid at the corner of the street, three houses down from where the paper cranes always were. He had been standing then for twenty minutes and so far nothing had happened, so he stood to leave, but he stopped when he saw a girl emerge from the house that the paper cranes were always in front of. The girl looked around, then she lifted her hand and in her hand she held a paper crane. She lightly threw the paper crane and it landed in the exact same spot I find the cranes everyday. She smiled and retreated back into the house. He watched the girl retreat back inside the house, then he walked over and picked up the paper crane. Girl The next morning she got out of bed and got dressed. She went over to her desk and selected a piece of paper with hearts all over it. She was halfway through making a paper crane when she heard music outside. She stood and walked out onto her balcony and looked down over the edge. The boy who took her paper cranes everyday stood on the sidewalk surrounded by all the paper cranes she had made. He was playing a soft melodic song on a guitar. He looked up and smiled. He handed the girl a rose. â€Å"How was it did you like it? † He asked. She smiled at him and replied â€Å"Yes†. The girl started coughing, he frowned â€Å"Are you sick? † She looked down â€Å"Yes just a little.. † she said quietly. She said later that she was so sick she couldn’t go to school for six months. â€Å"I was wondering, why did you leave a paper crane out there every morning? † He asked. â€Å"Because I saw you walking by every morning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The smiled â€Å"You did that because you missed me, didn’t you? † . He smiled. â€Å"This popularity of mine† he laughed. â€Å"By the way, I’m Max. What’s your name? † . â€Å"Summer† she replied. Summer? That’s so pretty† He grinned â€Å"Hmm†¦Then you sibling’s names would be Spring, Autumn and Winter? † She smiled â€Å"No I’m an only child† He looked thoughtful â€Å"How old are you? † â€Å"Seventeen† she replied. â€Å"What month birthday? â⠂¬  He asked â€Å"June†. â€Å"Since I am an April birthday, I guess that makes you the oldest† He smiled. Sunny began to cough badly. â€Å"Sunny† she continued to cough â€Å"Sunny? † he said again â€Å"Sunny! † Max was worried now â€Å" What’s wrong sunny? † he put his arms on her shoulders. â€Å"Are you okay Sunny? Sunny?! † The doctor walked out into the waiting room, and Max rushed to him. â€Å"What happened? † He asked. †Her condition has gotten worse†¦there’s no more hope† . Summer’s parent, who were seated in the waiting room, got up from their seats. â€Å"What? † Summer’s mother said. The doctor turned to the parents, â€Å"Didn’t I say she should have gotten hospital treatment earlier? † Summer’s father looked sad, â€Å"Our daughter, she wanted to stay home so badly. † Summers mother was crying, â€Å"What are we going to do? What are we going to do about our Summer? The doctor looked at them, â€Å"I think it’s time for you to prepare yourselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Max grabbed the doctor, â€Å"What does that mean?! † â€Å"There’s no month† He said. Tears rolled down Max’s cheeks, â€Å"Excuse me? Doctor. Save her, pease? Doctor, Doctor! † He fell to the floor and cried. †Å"Please save her he cried, please†. Max walked into the room where sunny lay in a bed within an enclosed glass area, he put his hand against the glass and looked down. Summer opens her eyes, and looks at him, â€Å"I didn’t want to show myself like this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Max smiled kindly at her, â€Å"There’s nothing wrong with it. You’ll get better soon anyway. They said in about two weeks you’ll be fine. † Max pulled out his ipod, â€Å" I brought this so that you wouldn’t be bored. † He went to enter into the little room, â€Å"You can’t, You can’t come in† Summer said. Max pulled back â€Å" Then†¦what should I do? I really wanted you to hear this song, it’s my favourite lately. â€Å" He looked at Summer’s sad face and thought for a moment, then he put his ipod down, â€Å"Listen carefully it’s called I just want you† Max began to sing †¦ â€Å"There's something I gotta say to you, but I'm so afraid of what you'll do. Ooh ooh ooh ooh. I'll just admit this to you now, that I'm stuck on you like glue somehow. Ooh ooh ooh ooh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As he sang tears rolled down Summer’s cheeks. And that’s how Max’s love hurt as soon as it started†¦ Max pushed Summer around the hospital garden in a wheelchair, â€Å"Man, it’s already spring. Summer, is there anywhere you want to go visit? † Summer looked sad â€Å"There is, but remember, I can’t go† Max looks down, â€Å"Hey, what do you mean you can’t go? Where is it? Tell me. I’ll bring a private jet and take you wherever you want to go† Summer smiles â€Å"Really? â€Å"Yes, really. So where is it? † â€Å"In my hometown there’s a hill with a tree. It’s the tree my dad planted the day I was born† Max looked down in surprise, â€Å"A tree? † â€Å"Yeah. I want to see how big it’s gotten†¦before I die† Max stopped pushing â€Å"Hey , why would you die?! If you say that one more time, I’m just going to kiss you. † Summer smiles. â€Å"In any case, don’t worry. I promise to take you there† That night, Max wraps a blanket around Summer and they sneak out of the hospital. They get on a bus, and Summer sits with her head against Max and rests. After a while Sunny opens her eyes and without looking up she says â€Å"I want to hear that song†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Max looks down at her â€Å" I just want you† she whispers. â€Å"Really? Hold on. â€Å" Max grabs his ipod and places the headphones in her ears, and presses play. He smiles and slides his hand through her hair†¦ lock of hair comes away with his hand, and he looks at. Max leans his head against the window of the bus†¦and silently cries. Max is carrying Summer on his back as they walk down a tree lined road. â€Å"Aren’t I heavy? † She asks. â€Å"No† he smiles, â€Å"Wow, my Summer is so light. You need to gain some weight. I’m going to feed you chicken, hamburgers, and lots of vegetables† Summer hates vegetables â€Å"I can’t eat vegetables† she says. â€Å"Fine, Then I’ll eat them and get strong, so I can piggy back you every day. † â€Å"What if I get so fat you can’t carry me? † she asks. Max stops â€Å"Hmm†¦then I can get just as fat, and we can roll around together† Summer laughs â€Å"You’re crazy† she stops laughing and begins to cough. She puts a handkerchief against her mouth so she doesn’t cough on Max and when she pulls it away its covered in blood. Max sees it and his eyes widen in shock.